ENZYMES
Enzymes are proteins that catalyze
( i.e. speed up ) biochemical reaction
and are not changed during the reaction.
The
life of living organisms is a reflection of what is going on in their
bodies.
Metabolism is the set of biochemical reactions that occur in living organisms
in order to maintain life.
These processes allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structure
and respond to their environment.
Anabolism
includes the biochemical processes in which larger molecules are
synthesize.
Catabolism
include the biochemical reactions in which are broken down.
So,
energy is release din the catabolism and energy is consumed in anabolism.
In this way, the biochemical reaction are actually energy
transfers.
Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they act as biocatalyst and speed up
and regulate the metabolic pathway.
The
molecules at which enzymes act are called Substrate
Enzymes converts them into different molecules called Product
Activation Energy
>
Enzymes lower the activation energy in several
ways:
1: They may alter the shape of substrate and reduce
requirement of energy for this change.
2: Some enzymes do so by disrupting the charge
distribution of activation energy.
3: Enzymes may also lower activation energy by
bringing substrate in the correct orientation to
react.
Categories of enzymes
1 : Intracellular enzymes : The enzymes work inside the
cell. E.g. enzymes of glycolysis working in the
cytoplasm.
2: Extracellular enzymes: The enzymes work outside
the cell e.g. pepsin enzymes working in the
stomach cavity.
